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Arithmetic and Geometric Functions

Basic mathematical functions, as well as number field manipulation like truncation and rounding.

Abs

Description Returns the absolute value of a number.
Remark  
Example Abs(-23.1) – returns 23.1.

Acos

Description Returns the arccosine, or inverse cosine, of a number.
Remark

The input must be from -1 to 1.

The returned angle is given in radians in the range 0 (zero) to pi. If you want to convert the result from radians to degrees, then multiply it by 180/Pi() or use the Degrees() function.

Example Acos(-.231) – returns 1.80390168255052.

Acosh

Description Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of the given number.
Remarks The input must be a real number greater than or equal to 1.
Example Acosh(10) – returns 2.993223.

Asin

Description Returns the arcsine of the given number in radians, in the range -Pi/2 to Pi/2.
Remarks The input is the sine of the angle you want and must be in the range from -1 to 1.
Example Asin(-0.5) – returns 0.5236.

Asinh

Description Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number.
Remarks The input can be any real number.
Example Ex. Asinh(-2.5) – returns -1.64723.

Atan

Description Returns the arctangent, inverse tangent of a number.
Remarks

The input can be any real number.

Atan returns an angle given in radians in the range -Pi/2 to Pi/2.

Example Atan(1) – returns 0.785398 (pi/4).

Atan2

Description Returns the angle from the x-axis to a line containing the origin (0, 0) and a point with coordinates (x,y).
Remarks

The input requires two values, the x and y coordinates.

Note

If both x and y = 0, Atan2() returns the error #Div/0!.

A negative result represents a clockwise angle.

Example Atan2(1, 1) – returns 0.785398 (pi/4).

Atanh

Description Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number.
Remarks The input must be from -1 to 1.
Example Atanh(.76159416) – returns 1 (approximately).

Ceiling

Description Returns the number rounded up away from zero to the nearest multiple of significance, or the error #VALUE! if the argument is not a number.
Remarks

The input requires two values, the number to be rounded and the multiple of significance.

Regardless of the sign of number, a value is rounded up when adjusted away from zero.

Example Ceiling(4.42,.05) – returns 4.45.

Cos

Description Returns the cosine, of an angle in radians.
Remarks The returned angle is given in radians in the range 0 (zero) to pi. If you want to convert the result from radians to degrees, then multiply it by 180/Pi() or use the Degrees() function.
Example Cos(1.047) – returns 0.500171.

Cosh

Description Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number.
Example Cos(4) – returns 27.30823.

Even

Description Returns a number rounded up to the nearest even integer, or the error message #VALUE! if the argument is not a number.
Remarks Regardless of the sign of number, a value is rounded away from zero.
Example Even(1.5) – returns 2.

Exp

Description Returns e raised to the power of the input.
Remarks Exp is the inverse of Ln, the natural logarithm.
Example Exp(1) – returns 2.718282 (the approximate value of e).

Fixed

Description Returns the first argument rounded to the number of decimal places specified in the second argument.
Remarks

Takes three arguments:

1. The number you want to round.
2. The number of digits to the right of the decimal to include.
3. (Optional) TRUE/FALSE whether to omit commas. The default is FALSE (includes commas as normal).

Example Fixed(1234.5678, 2) – returns 1,234.56.

Floor

Description Rounds the number down, toward zero, to the nearest multiple of significance.
Remarks

The input requires two values, the number to be rounded, and the multiple of significance.

Regardless of the sign of number, a value is down toward zero.

NOTE. If the argument is non-numeric, then Floor returns the error #VALUE!

Example Floor(2.6, .5) – returns 2.5.

GlobalNumericFormat

Description Returns a text string representation of the input value, formatted with the current session’s Culture/Locale settings.
Remarks Only accepts numeric values as input.
If Null(), DbNull() or a data field that is null is passed as the argument, the function returns Null().
Example For US culture settings GlobalNumericFormat(-1234.56)  returns “-1,234.56”. In Spain, it might return “-1.234,56” depending on how the session is configured.

Int

Description Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.
Remarks The input must be a real number.
Example Int(2.6) – returns 2.

Ln

Description Returns the natural logarithm of a number.
Remarks Ln() is the inverse of the Exp() function.
Example Ln(86) – returns 4.454347.

Log

Description Returns the logarithm of a number to the base you specify.
Remarks The first input is the number and the second is the base (if omitted base 10 used).
Example Log(100) – returns 2.

Log10

Description Returns the base 10 logarithm of a number.
Remarks  
Example Log10(86) – returns 1.934498451.

Mod

Description Returns the remainder after first argument is divided by the second argument.
Remarks The second argument must not be 0.
Example Mod(27,5) – returns 2.

Odd

Description Returns a number rounded up to the nearest odd integer.
Remarks The input must be a real number. Odd always rounds away from zero.
Example Odd(1.5) – returns 3.

Pi

Description Returns the number 3.14159265358979, the mathematical constant pi, accurate to 15 digits.
Example Ex. Pi() – returns 3.14159265358979.

Power

Description Returns the result of the first argument raised to the second argument.
Remarks The ^ operator may be used instead of this function.
Example Power(5,2) – returns 25.

Product

Description Returns the product of the arguments.
Remarks

The * operator may be used in place of this function.

Arguments must be numbers, cell references or text representations of numbers.

Example Product(5,2) – returns 10. Also 5 * 2 – returns 10.

Quotient

Description Returns the integer portion of a division.
Remarks

The / operator may be used in place of this function.

This function discards the remainder of the division.

Example Quotient(5,2) – returns 2.

Rand

Description Returns an evenly-distributed random number between 0 and 1 (inclusive).
Remarks To generate a random real number between a and b, use: RAND()*(b-a)+a.
Example Rand() – returns a random number between 0 and 1.

Round

Description Returns a rounded number.
Remarks

Takes one or two input:

1. The number to round.
2.  The number of decimal places desired.

Example Round(5.236, 2) – returns 5.24

Sin

Description Returns the sine of the given angle.
Remarks The returned angle is given in radians in the range 0 (zero) to pi. If you want to convert the result from radians to degrees, then multiply it by 180/Pi() or use the Degrees() function.
Example Sin(1.047) – returns .0865926611287823.

Sinh

Description Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number.
Remarks  
Example Sinh(4) – returns 27.1899171971278.

Sqrt

Description Returns the positive square root of the argument.
Remarks If the input is negative Sqrt returns the error #NUM!.
Example Sqrt(25) – returns 5.

Tan

Description Returns the tangent of the given angle.
Remarks The returned angle is given in radians in the range 0 (zero) to pi. If you want to convert the result from radians to degrees, then multiply it by 180/PI() or use the DEGREES function.
Example Tan(.785) – returns .99920.

Tanh

Description Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number.
Example Tanh(-2) – returns .96403.

Truncate

Description Truncates a number to an integer by removing the fractional part of the number.
Remarks INT and TRUNC are different only when using negative numbers: TRUNC (-4.3) returns -4, but INT (-4.3) returns -5 because -5 is the lower number.
Example Truncate(9.9) – returns 9.
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